--- Notes ---
〜ざるを得ない:
〜したくないが．．．しなければならない
This is an auxiliiary indicating that there is no other choice but to do
something. Possible translations include: cannot help 〜ing; cannot help
but; have no choice but to have to.
Ｖneg + ざるを得ない
Examples: 食べざるを得ない // 行かざるを得ない
Exception: する -> せざるを得ない
＊Be very careful as to when you replace one of these phrases with
another.
Ｖneg + ざるを得ない : used in a situation where one has no choice
but to do something.
Ｖ + しかない : used in a situation where one has no choice but to do
something.
Ｖneg + なければならない : used in a situation where one has to do
something because s/he has an obligation to do it OR where one has no
choice but to do something.
Ｖneg + わけに(は)いかない : used in a situation where one has to
do something because s/he has an obligation to do it OR where one has no
choice but to do something. It also expresses the unwillingness of the
speaker to do Ｖ.
--- Examples ---
行かざるをえない。
I must go.
みんなで決めた規則だから、守らざるを得ない。
the rules are decided by everybody, so you must obey them
成績が悪くて、留年せざるをえない。
My grades are bad so I have no choice but to repeat the year.
この考えには反対せざるをえない。
I have to oppose this idea.
我々は妥協せざるをえない。
We have no choice but to compromise.
この分では予定を変更せざるをえないだろう。
At this rate, we'll have to change the schedule.
何かをせざるをえないという場合、それを妨げたり避けたりできないという意味である。
If you say that you cannot help doing something, you mean you cannot
prevent or avoid it.
私はそう考えざるをえない。
I cannot help thinking so.
社長が反対したら、我々は計画を変えざるをえない。
We are subject to change our plans if the president disagrees.
同情の涙を禁じえない。
I cannot help crying for sympathy.
彼の招待は受けざるをえない。
I can't but accept his invitation.
彼は死んでしまったと考えざるをえない。
I could not but think that he was dead.
僕は日曜日に働かざるをえない父に同情する。[僕はM]
I feel for my father, who has to work on Sundays.
行きたくないけれど、部長の命令だから、行かざるをえない。
I don't want to go, but because it's the manager's order, I have no choice
but to go.
金額が大きくて私には支払えないので、父に援助を頼まざるをえない。
The amount of money was huge and I couldn't pay it, so I had no choice but
to ask my father for assistance.
--- Comments ---
Lit (sort of) : Unable to obtain not doing ___ (contributor: Amatuka)
Note the verb form 〜ざる is a left over from a classic form that is now
pretty much out of general use.
(Don't ask me more, please ;-) (contributor: Amatuka)
Hmm, on second thoughts I'm only about 60% sure it's the negative of うる
and not the negative of える.
That word's a pain. (contributor: Amatuka)
Formed from v-nai base + ざるをえない.
e.g. 行く→行かない→行かざるをえない
Vn = V-nai base (contributor: Amatuka)
isnt える and うる the same verb in this case? (contributor: pgb)
Please see the comment by bamboo4 in . ざるを得ない is one word and
always read as ざるをえない. There is no ざるを得る.
(contributor: Miki)
ざる is an archaic particle indicating negation. It's root form is ず
and it inflects as ず/ざら、ず/ざり、ざる/ぬ、ざれ/ね but
its imperative form is ざれ. In tbis manner, it has very unique
inflections.
行かざる means not going, which is denied by えない so that it
becomes 'not going is not capable,' the double negative thus resulting in
'I must go.'
(contributor: bamboo4)
#4293 is not acceptable. 同情の涙を禁じ得ない would be the
correct diction. ざるを得ない is not appropriate so that this example
does not belong to this head. (contributor: bamboo4)
#4293 grammatically is not wrong, but the meaning is very strange. Because
〜ざるを得ない means you have to do 〜even you don't want to, and
禁じる means 抑える or suppress,
So, 同情の涙を禁じざるを得ない means:
You have to suppress tears of sympathy, even if you didn't want to
(suppress).
Whereas, 同情の涙を禁じ得ない means(which is more natural in this
case):
You couldn't suppress/stop tears of sympathy (of dropping
down).同情の涙を抑えることができない
(contributor: 誠)
Thank you guys. I felt something wrong but I didn't notice that point. I
found a better entry 'kinjienai' for the example but I cannot do now.
(contributor: Miki)
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http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=zaruwoenai
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