--- Notes ---
Formation
Verb (nai stem) ＋ れる・られる
(Grp I)
〜れる
話す → 話さ.れる (be told)
聞く → 聞かれる (be heard)
(Grp II)
〜られる
食べる → 食べ.られる (be eaten)
立てる → 立て.られる (be built)
(irreg)
来る → 来られる
する → される
Compare the passive and active examples below
(active)
子供が水を飲みました。
The child drank the water
(passive)
水が子供に飲まれました。
the water was drunk by the child
The passive of group 2 verbs is the same as the potential and honorific.
Which can only be discovered by the context:
先生は納豆が食べられる
the が gives this away as potential
potential: My teacher can eat nattou
先生は納豆を食べられた
could be many things:
honorific: my Teacher ate nattou
potential: my teacher could eat nattou
indirect passive: someone ate natto (~and my teacher was unhappy about it)
There is also an indirect passive, which doesn't exist in English. It
implies the other person is annoyed by the action.
Perhaps it could be translated as 'person A did something AT person B'
ビールは田中に飲まれた
the beer was drunk by Tanaka
先生は田中にビールを飲まれた
(The teacher was drunk beer at by Tanaka)
The teacher was annoyed by Taro drinking beer.
some more formation examples
For 一段 （いちだん − える、いる ending) verbs you
essentially drop the る and tack on a られる.
For 五段 （ごだん 〜う ending) verbs you change the last
syllable so that it ends
in 〜あ and add れる
話す 話される was spoken
聞く 聞かれる was listened/heard
泳ぐ 泳がれる was swum
待つ 待たれる was carried
死ぬ 死なれる was killed
会う 会われる was met
作る 作られる was made
呼ぶ 呼ばれる was called
--- Examples ---
水が子供に飲まれました。
The water was drunk by the child.
このビルは二年前に建てられた。
This building was built two years ago.
携帯コンテンツの海外事業開発を任されています。
development of overseas mobile contents is entrusted to me.
長い間待ってやっと私の名前が呼ばれた。
After waiting for a long time, finally my name was called.
あいつにしてやろうと思ったのに、逆にあいつにやられてしまった。
What I wanted to do to him, he did to me instead.
彼は光に吸い寄せられた。
He was drawn in by the light.
言われなくても、分かってるよ.
Lit: Without being told, I know that already!
--- Comments ---
As for (passive) in notes, the Japanese is not natural. It should
beその本は田中さんによって書かれた。 (contributor: Miki)
dc, beer is ビール, building is ビル.(^_^;) (contributor: Miki)
The first example is weird. You do not say
犬に水を飲まれました(even though grammatically possible) but you
normally say 犬が水を飲んでしまいました。In the same vein,
the second example, too, is somewhat awkward, even though not as bad as the
first example.I would say
このビルが建ったのは（建てられたのは）２年前です。
ビールは田中に飲まれた is also awkward.
田中がビールを飲んでしまった is more like it. (contributor:
bamboo4)
OK, so the examples show how NOT to use a passive! can you provide some
good examples of ways to use it? (contributor: dc)
Just to make a note of this, the Kanji used above in the example for 'was
carried' is TAI, which is the kanji for 'wait'. This effectively reads
MATSU. (contributor: badboy)
In Japanese, you can use passive voice either for transitive or
intransitive verbs. When you use passive voice for intransitive verbs, it
normally indicate some kind of disadvantage for the speaker.For example,
居る can be changed to 居られる but this would normally indicate you
don't want him to be there, but he is there nevertheless.
Thus it is possible to say 犬に水を飲まれました, which gave you
the disadvantage of the dog having drank water, but I said it is awkward
because one would normally have one's dog under control so that that kind
of thing would not happen. The result is that you are declaring your own
stupidity by making that statement.
(contributor: bamboo4)
What about ~(ra)rete-morau
~(ra)rete-kureru ?
I found a lot of examples with this form but I can't find an english
translation...I can't understand why morau and kureru which express
gratitude to someone else are used with rareru which implies I am (or
someone else) annoyed by the action.
For example, I found on the net (thanks google!) such sentences:
「この子にここで泣かれてもらっちゃ困るんだよ」
「まだまだユアンさんにはいじめられてもらうんですから！!」
What does it mean?
What's the difference with
「この子にここで泣かれちゃ困るんだよ」
By the way, such sentences can be read too:
「この子にここで泣いてもらっちゃ困るんだよ」
...Isn't there a paradox between 'naitemorau' and 'komaru' ?
I guess that's not strange for a Japanese native speaker but I am not a
native speaker! ^^' (contributor: ludi)
--- View this entry online ---
http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=passive
Tags:
No comments:
Post a Comment